Borobudur or Barabudur is a historic relic Buddhists in Indonesia in the 9th century. This monument consists of six square topped with three circular platforms, and is decorated in a 2672 panel contains reliefs and statues of Buddha as many as 504 pieces. No one knows exactly when the history of the temple of Borobudur started, but it was in 1814 where the temple is known to the world thanks to Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles who was then head of the British government in Java, when people around to tell him about the location of this temple. The temple is the goal of the Buddhist once a year, when the celebrated Vesak.
The Inside History of Borobudur
Borobudur name first appeared in a book about the history of the Java community written by Sir Thomas Raffles, but there are no old documents ever write the same name. Even so, the book written by the MPU Nagarakertagama Prapanca, one of the members of the Majapahit empire in 1365 wrote about the existence of a monument sacred to Buddhists called Budur. Name of Borobudur, made by Raffles means "temple near the village Bore Budur," originally produce BoreBudur name but eventually changed to Borobudur. This he did because almost every temple is named after the nearest village, and should have been named BudurBoro. Raffles also had suggested the idea that Budur could be attributed to modern Java language, Buda meaning "ancient" and interpret Borobudur as "Ancient Budur," while other archaeologists argue that the word comes from Javanese Budur Bhudhāra which means mountain. There are other sources that say that Borobudur comes from the mention of the Java community to the word "Abbey Beduhur" which in Sanskrit written "Vihara Buddha Uhr," meaning city of the Buddha. There is also the thought that "Beduhur" is a Javanese word that still exist in the vocabulary of Bali which means "high place," formed from the word dhuhur or sublime.
Borobudur temple history may once have been recorded on two inscriptions found in Kedu. Karangtengah inscription written in the year 824 mentions a building called Jinalaya and inaugurated by Pramodhawardhani, son of Samaratungga. Tri Tepusan inscription written in the year 842 also mentions the existence of tax-free land granted by Pramodhawardhani henceforth established Kamulan and build a monument to honor the elders Sailendra.
No one knows exactly when, who, and for what Borobudur was built. The time needed for construction also could only unexpected by comparing the relief panels on the temple with an inscription that exist in the 8th century and the 9th, so it concluded that Borobudur was founded around the year 800 in which at that time Sailendra dynasty was there in the future golden, when under the leadership of the kingdom of Srivijaya. Its construction accounted takes 75 years and was completed when Samaratungga reign, around the year 825.
Formed or built Borobudur temple can be written as Panangkaran, which is the successor to the throne after Sanjaya allow development to take religious monuments by the Buddhists. In fact, Panangkaran give a village in Kalasan to the adherents as written in the inscription Kalasan in the year 778.
There is a story that says that Borobudur was hidden for centuries because it is covered with volcanic ash and jungle growth, although the story is not known the truth. What is certain is the one-year period between 928 and 1006, the king moved the capital of the kingdom MPU SINDOK Medang to one of the areas in East Java due to the volcanic eruption, and it is believed to affect neglect the temple. Although not entirely forgotten, since the population of Java moved into Islamic beliefs, the two stories of ancient Javanese Borobudur called Chronicle associate with bad events. Babad Tanah Jawi mention that Borobudur be a major factor Mas Dana Pakubuwono I rebelled against the king of Mataram in 1709. Babad Mataram also mentions that the monument is related to the death of the prince Monconagoro who became heir to the throne of Yogyakarta Sultanate in 1757 because he took a stupa and fall ill to death the next day.
The history of the founding of the temple of Borobudur back in a point of light when Java was ruled by the British in 1811 to 1816 in which Lt. Thomas Stamford Raffles, who was appointed to lead have an interest in the history of Java. He collected antiques Javanese, and collect important records with the surrounding community as he travels. New in 1814 when he was conducting inspections to Semarang, he was informed about a big monument in a forest near the village Bumisegoro and send H.C. Cornelius to investigate. Cornelius jobs are hampered by the fear of the collapse of the new Borobudur followed by Hartmann in 1835 and eventually the entire complex of Borobudur has been unearthed.
In 1859, the Dutch East Indies government memerintakan F.C. Wilsen to draw sketches of the reliefs there with help J.F.G Brumund. In 1885, then the history of Borobudur temple which we know has been written, precisely because of restoration by the Dutch government in 1907 to 1911, led by Theodor van Erp. Reconstruction of the early runs for seven months, and Van Erp continue their restoration to a level that is above Chatra stupa which he eventually canceled because the original stones used is not sufficient. Massive renovation took place only in 1960 by the Indonesian government with the assistance of UNESCO and was finally completed in 1991 and get a place in the World Heritage Site.
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