When talking about the history of the oath youth October 28, 1928, can not be separated from the struggle of the Indonesian nation when it was colonized by the Dutch troops. Oath of youth is one of the important events in the National History. This oath is regarded as the embodiment of the spirit of the establishment of one Indonesian. The oath itself is a decision of the Second Youth Congress on the ladder 27 and October 28, 1928 in Jakarta, who was still called Batavia. It contains the hope that an oath homeland, language, and nation of Indonesia.
Background Youth Day
The historic event of the oath of youth is one of a series of events which began appearing sense and the spirit of unity and nationalism and awareness of Indonesia to establish one, where the taste never appeared earlier as the Dutch and the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. There are two important events which marked this period, namely the establishment of Boedi Utomo on May 20, 1908 and the pledge of the Youth Pledge on October 28, 1928. This period is also referred to as post Multatuli ethical political impact.
The flavors were nascent in the hearts of all the people of Indonesia is estimated to occur due to various factors, such as urbanization, communism, Islam, education, entertainment such as movies, theater, and music kroncong, to the racist treatment of the Dutch people. This encourages individual intellectuals like Kartini, Tirto, and Semaun to speak up and echoing the idea of unity that will be a topic of conversation and form a youth event oath. People are beginning to voice of freedom and nationalism, which in turn encouraged the Netherlands to ban freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. Because of this restriction, only few people who dared to speak against Dutch colonialism, and resistance can be in control.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the number of education in Indonesia is very small, and in this period of political ethical take an important role in increasing the number of education in Indonesia. Although not nationally providing opportunities for education, earlier decisions provide learning opportunities for the children of Indonesia's elite with the initial intention was that the children had been working for the colonial bureaucracy that is being lived. Unfortunately, this western-style education system also carries political ideas westernized democracy and freedom.
On May 20, 1908, Boedi Utomo as a youth organization founded by Dr. Soetomo and became the first movement that opened the road to alert young oath. The main leader of the organization is wahidin soedirohoesodo which eventually withdrew because Boedi Utomo by the first meeting in Yogyakarta in October 1908, pemuda who had to intervene. In 1912, Indische Partij founded by Douwes Dekker et al. Indische Partij a political organization first to introduce the concept of Indonesian nationalism, and will inspire other organizations such as the Nationaal Indische Partij and Indo Europeesch Verbond in 1919. In the same year with the Indische Partij, the SI was established by Haji Samanhudi in Surakarta. SI is more inclined towards Islam and Javanese thus unifying element they are just frills Islam. Unfortunately, rather than anti-Dutch, SI judged more anti-Chinese. On November 18 of the same year, Muhammadiyah was founded by KH Ahmad Dahlan in Yogyakarta.
July 20, 1913, Ais ik eens Nedernader was written by Suwardi Suryaningrat as a form of protest to the Dutch colonial government who intends to throw a party to commemorate 100 years of independence. This protest made Cipto Mangunkusumo and Suwardi tried and exiled to the Banda Islands, but they were given the choice to go to the Netherlands where Suwardi eventually pursue science in the field of education and Cipto fell ill and had to be repatriated to Indonesia.
Pad 1918, the People's Council gathered for the first time after it was founded in 1916. Its members there are 39 people and 15 of them are indigenous people of Indonesia. This year, the Dutch government agreed that in the future, Indonesia will be given the policy to have its own government, but after that there was no news to explain further.
It was not until 1920 the word "Indonesia" is used as a word that symbolizes the unity of the people. The word is formed by an English naturalist in order to classify the ethnic and geographic area. He said again, before Youth Alliances been talking about Bali country, the country of Java, Sumatra countries, and others, but now they call Indonesia. In 1927, Soekarno formed the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI) in Bandung, and is the first party to all members of Indonesian people who focus on discussing about the liberation of the Dutch government and independence. On October 28, eventually creating the All Indonesian Youth Pledge Youth Congress which decided the national goals.
The first association of Indonesian Youth Congress held in Batavia, the capital of the Dutch East Indies in 1926, which unfortunately does not spawn any decision but he had the idea of a united Indonesia. Only in October 1928, a second meeting was held in three different places. The first session hoping that the youth congress will inspire a sense of unity, while the second session discusses educational issues that exist. Third session and last session was held in Jalan Kramat Raya number 126, where the participants for the first time to hear the national anthem Indonesia Raya created by Rudolf Supratman and closed with the reading of the oath of youth. This incident later became the history of the oath of youth October 28, 1928.
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