Origins of Javanese in History

           

         The Javanese are the largest tribe, with a population (approximately 100 million people according to data from the year 2011) in Indonesia began like Indonesian ethnic groups, mostly including Sundanese community in West Java. The ancestors of the ancient Javanese society is derived from Austronesian, a species thought to be derived from the Taiwan Area and migrate through the Philippines before arriving on the island of Java in 1500 and 1000 BC. Java has many ethnic tribal sub-ethnic groups such as the Mataram, Cirebon, Osing, Tengger, Boya, Samin, Naga, Banyumasan, and much more. Today, the majority of Javanese proclaim themselves as Muslims and the minority as Christians and Hindus. Regardless of their religion, civilization Javanese can never be separated from their interactions to the animistic native named Kejawen which has been running for more than a millennium, and the influence of kejawen is also still a lot we can meet in the Javanese history, culture, tradition, and other art fields. For more details, let's refer to the explanation of the history of Javanese ethnic origin which has the following set of history summarized from various sources.


Future of Java's Hindu-Buddhist and Islam

        When discussing the Javanese ethnic origin is not much different from the origin of the Indonesian people as a whole, when the discovery of fossils of Homo erectus, also known by the name "Java Man" by Eugene Dubois, a Dutch anatomist in 1891 in Trinil. Homo erectus fossils have been found, is estimated to have a lifespan that is already remarkable that is about 700,000 years old, making it one of the archaic human species that can be found at the time. Not long ago, in Sangiran also recovered other fossils of the same species in 1930 by Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald who find tools that seem far more advanced than the gear in the earlier era and the age of the equipment that they came out of estimated is 550,000 up to 143,000 years old.

        The main belief held by Javanese Animism and continue like that until the end dai-dai Hinduism and Buddhism came to Indonesia that began with the trade contacts with the Indian subcontinent. Which makes the Java community interested in embracing new religions is because they are able to blend with the local Javanese philosophy is unique. A gathering place for Javanese culture is Kedu and Kewu in the slopes of Mount Merapi as the heart of the Kingdom Medang i Bhumi Mataram. Some ancient dynasties such as Sanjaya and Sailendra also use the place as the center of their power. When MPU Spoon reign, the capital of the kingdom moved to near the Brantas River in the 10th century, it also causes a shift in the center of Javanese culture and politics. This displacement is believed to be caused by the volcanic eruption of Mount Merapi, but there is also considered that this displacement caused by the attack of Srivijaya kingdom.

       Java rate development begins to become significant when Kertanegara ruled Singhasari in the late 13th century. The king is pleased expand this area to do some great expeditions such as to Madura, Bali, Kalimantan, and the most important is to the island of Sumatra. Finally, Singasari managed to control trading in the Strait of Malacca following the defeat of the Malay kingdoms. Royal domination Singasari stopped in 1292 when a coup by Jayakatwang who successfully ended the life Kertanegara, and Jayakatwang back killed by Raden Wijaya who is the son of Kertanegara. Later, Raden Wijaya will establish Majapahit, one of the largest kingdom in the archipelago at that time.

       When Majapahit experienced many problems about who is the successor, several civil wars going on and make Majapahit lose their own power. When Majapahit begins to collapse, the island of Java, also began to change with the development of Islam and the fall of Majapahit is a momentum for Demak sultanate to become the most powerful empire. This Demak Sultanate will also play an important role in the Portuguese colonial power dispels coming. Demak twice attacked the Portuguese when the Portuguese subjecting Malacca. Demak also known for their courage to attack the Portuguese alliance and the Kingdom of Sunda. Demak Sultanate followed by Pajang Kingdom and the Sultanate of Mataram, and this change also forces the power center moved from initially in the coastal Demak to Pajang in Blora, and finally moved again to Mataram precisely in the town, located near Yogyakarta today.

Early Migration Javanese

        Javanese alone is estimated to be linked to the migration of Austronesian towards Madagascar in the first century. While it is the primary culture of migration is closer to Ma'anyan tribe in Kalimantan, some parts of the Malagasy language itself is taken from the Java language. Hundreds of years later when the period of the Hindu kingdom come, many Javanese merchants who settled in other places in the archipelago. At the end of the 15th century following the fall of Majapahit and the development of Muslims in the north coast of Java, many Hindus who migrated from Java to Bali and was instrumental in the advancement of the culture of Bali.

        In addition to domestic, Javanese also appear on the Malay Peninsula for a long time. The relationship between Malacca and Java itself is an important thing that plays a major role in the development of Islam in Indonesia because many Islamic missionaries sent from Malacca to several trade areas on the north coast of Java. Migrations have broadened the scope of which should be reviewed when historians investigate the origin of traces of Javanese history.
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