The Church in Indonesia is divided into two, namely the Catholic Church and Christian churches. Christian churches in Indonesia, in spite of the fact that Christianity itself is a minority religion, expected to begin in the 12th century, where Christians of Egypt noted that there are some Christian churches founded in Barus, the west coast of northern Sumatra that was a trading post frequently attended by merchants of India and because it is associated with Saint Thomas Christian in India. Even so, there is no evidence that Christian never arrived before the arrival of the Portuguese traders in the 16th century. For the Catholic Church, began to appear as well as at the beginning of the 14th century, through the Roman Catholic mission to reach Indonesia led by Mattiussi who visited Sumatra, Java, and Banjarmasin.
Early development of the Church in Indonesia
The history of the emergence of churches in Indonesia in terms of Christianity began when the Portuguese arrived in Malacca Sultanate which has become Malaysia in 1509 in search of wealth they had. Initially, their relationship goes well until there subordination of Goa and some conflicts between Muslims and Christians that caused Muslim clans in Malaka argued that the arrival of the Portuguese Christians will only bring trouble for them. Which exacerbates this incident is the subjugation of Malacca, where the incident was judged to be a turning point which makes the entire Muslims of Malacca create a Christian sentiment against the Portuguese. Resistance also came from Muslims in Aceh, and also the Ottoman Empire. Although the Portuguese managed to build several churches, their arrival in Malacca is rated as a negative impression than their original purpose to promote the religion.
On the Catholic side, Mattiussi who was an Italian monk confessed that he was commissioned by the Pope to sail from Padua towards Sumatra before finally arriving in Java and Banjarmasin. This mission began in 1318, and ended with his return by land across China, Vietnam, as well as Europe in the year 1330. In the notes he made, written also a Javanese royal pattern that has Hindu-Buddha, as in Majapahit. The mission is considered as a pioneer mission, which since the mission of the Catholic Church could have information about the condition of Asia, which at that time was not at all influence of the Catholic religion on the continent.
When an occupation of Malacca in 1511 by the Portuguese, a Catholic mission once arrived in the area. One of the most famous and important in the development of church history in Indonesia is Francis Xavier. When the Portuguese were driven out of Ternate in 1574, many Catholics in the area who were killed or forcibly converted to Islam belief. In 1605, Catholics who still remain are forced again to embrace the new school, which is Protestant. New in 1808 under the leadership of Daendels, Catholics are given the freedom to profess their own religion.
Back tracing the history of the Christian church when in 1972, a native of Bali named Wayan Mastra converted to Christianity when he was attending a Christian school on the island of Java. He later became chairman GKPB and begin the process Balinisasi, where he tried to make Christian churches in Bali to be more open to the cultures of Bali, Bali following the Catholic church who are already doing something like that.
Church history in Indonesia, especially the Catholic church back change when in 1896, a priest from the Netherlands named Frans van Lith came to Muntilan, Central Java. Initially, whatever he tried did not end well, but finally in 1904 there are four leaders of the city coming from Kalibawang came to his house and ask for teaching about religion that he had brought. On December 15 the same year, 178 people were baptized in the area of Java Semagun. In addition, Van Lith also established a school for teachers in Muntilan where the school is named Normaalschool in 1900 and turned into Kweekschool in 1904. In 1911, Van Lith re-established the Seminary who scored the important people in the history of the Catholic Indonesia, FX Satiman SJ, Albertus Soegijapranata SJ, and Adrianus Djajasepoetra SJ.
The Christian church itself, although religion remained a minority in many areas, not stopped spreading his teachings. So that in the sixties, many adherents of communism and the Chinese people are turning to Christianity for their jargon anti-communist and anti-Confucian. In this period also began a lot made Christian schools that teach about the religion. Until now, the Christian Church is still trying to grow more rapidly than the previous development.
First bishop of the Catholic church Indonesia is Albertus Soegijapranata SJ who was appointed in 1940. Eight years later on on December 20, two follower named Sandjaja and Hermanus Bouwens was killed in a village called twins, which ultimately Sandjaja assessed is the martyr of the Catholic Church in Indonesia , Some of the famous hero of Indonesia which is also a Catholic like Agustinus Adisucipto, Ignatius Slamet Riyadi, and Josh Soedarso. Perhaps these facts are also the one who made the history of the church in Indonesia, especially the Catholic Church growing very rapidly. Even so, in the 1990's and early 2000 there was a riot targeting Catholics and Christians. Fortunately at that time, Abdurrahman Wahid who became the leader of Nahdlatul Ulama able to suppress the antipathy that exists between parties with different religions it.
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